Since egyptians didn't have much wood for them to use as materials, they used sun-baked mud brick and stones; such as limestone, sandstone, and granite. Stone was reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks were mainly used for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple boundaries, and towns. Ancient Egyptian houses were made out of mud collected from the Nile river. It was placed in molds and left to dry in the hot sun to harden for use in construction. Since the buildings didn't have that strong of a foundation, most of the egyptian buildings where either washed away by the Nile river, or where used by the peasants as fertilizer. Exterior and interior walls, as well as the columns and piers, were covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors. Hieroglyphs were inscribed for decorative purposes as well as to record historic events or spells. These carvings allow us to understand how the Ancient Egyptians lived, statuses, wars that were fought and their beliefs. This was especially true when exploring the tombs of Ancient Egyptian officials in recent years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture
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